School Subjects

Branch of Philosophy

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<b><span style="color: #003bb0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Introduction to the
Five Branches of Philosophy<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Philosophy
can be divided into five branches which address the following questions:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics_Main.html"><b><span style="color: #003bb0;">Metaphysics</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study of Existence<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What's out there?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Epistemology_Main.html"><b><span style="color: #003bb0;">Epistemology</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study of Knowledge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How do I know about it?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Ethics_Main.html"><b><span style="color: #003bb0;">Ethics</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study of Action<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What should I do?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Politics_Main.html"><b><span style="color: #003bb0;">Politics</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study of Force<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What actions are permissible?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Esthetics_Main.html"><b><span style="color: #003bb0;">Esthetics</span></b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Study of Art<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What can life be like?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">There
is a hierarchical relationship between these branches as can be seen in the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Chart.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Concept Chart</span></a>. At the root is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Metaphysics_Main.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Metaphysics</span></a>, the
study of existence and the nature of existence. Closely related is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Epistemology_Main.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Epistemology</span></a>, the study
of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Epistemology_Knowledge.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">knowledge</span></a></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">and how we know about reality and existence.
Dependent on Epistemology is</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Ethics_Main.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Ethics</span></a>, the study of
how man should act. Ethics is dependent on Epistemology because it is
impossible to make choices without knowledge. A subset of Ethics is<a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Politics_Main.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Politics</span></a>: the study
of how men should interact in</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Politics_ProperGovernment.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">a proper society</span></a></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">and what constitutes proper.<a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Esthetics_Main.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Esthetics</span></a>, the study
of</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Esthetics_Art.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">art</span></a></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">and</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><a href="http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Esthetics_SenseOfLife.html"><span style="color: #003bb0; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">sense of life</span></a></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">is slightly separate, but depends on
Metaphysics, Epistemology, and Ethics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Branch of Philosophy

Introduction to the Five Branches of Philosophy Philosophy can be divided into five branches which address the following questions: Metaphysics Study of Existence What's out there…

15 Dec 2014

Locomotor and Nonlocomotor

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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Developing
physical skills is a prerequisite to being active for life and physical
education class is where it happens!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students need to develop basic
physical skills and a degree of competence which can lead to a desire to
continually participate in physical activity. Their perceptions about physical
activity, often formed in physical education, provide the key to future motivation
and participation. In order for students to willingly participate in an
activity, they need to feel successful at that activity. Activities should be
geared to the level of the individual, and should be developmentally
appropriate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">In schools we assist students
in learning, developing and combining the basic skills of movement so they can
be applied to a variety of activity situations in their lifetime. By combining
and applying basic skills in a variety of activity settings students can learn
and attain a degree of competence. This application of the basic skills is
accomplished through practice and participation. The benefits of physical
activity increase proportionally in relation to the time and intensity
provided. So maximizing the amount of time available for practice and
participation within the school context should be considered. Students will be
more inclined to participate with enthusiasm and vigour if the classroom
atmosphere is one which focuses on creating a desire to increase student participation.
Development of skills will increase if students have more opportunity to
participate in quality learning experiences which focus on motivating, fun,
inclusive activities. They will be more willing to be active for a lifetime.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">General Outcomes in
"A" - Activity is the basis for physical education as this program is
all about moving!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">General Outcome A (or
GO"A")</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students
will acquire skills through a variety of developmentally appropriate movement
activities; dance, games, types of gymnastics, individual activities and
activities in an alternative environment; e.g., aquatics and outdoor pursuits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">General Outcome A looks at two
areas which relate to physical activity. These are listed under two curriculum
organizers: Basic Skills and Application of Basic Skills.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Basic skills:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The basic skills of
physical education have been organized into three categories:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Locomotor skills:</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">These are the skills students
develop while travelling. Examples of locomotor skills include; e.g., walking,
running, hopping, jumping, leaping, rolling, skipping, galloping, climbing,
sliding, propulsion through water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Walk - using the feet to advance by steps.  
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Run - move fast by using the feet, with one foot off the ground at any given
time. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Hop - push off 1 foot, land on same foot. 
Vertical or horizontal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Jump - take off 1 or 2 feet, land on 2 feet. 
Vertical or horizontal. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Leap - take off 1 foot, cover a large distance, land on other foot.  Use several running steps to lead into the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">leap.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Gallop - feet face forward, step forward & close with the trail foot, step
& close... (same foot always leads). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Skip - step forward, hop on that foot while bringing other foot forward to step
and hop and switch. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Slide - step to the side, close with other foot, step to the side again, close
with other...<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Nonlocomotor skills:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">These
are the skills students develop while moving but remaining in one spot. These
may include; e.g., turning, twisting, swinging, balancing, bending, landing,
stretching, curling, hanging.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Stretch - extend the limbs or muscles, or the entire body. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Bend - movement that causes the formation of a curve. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Twist - rotate body or body parts around a stationary base (twist upper body
back and forth, keep feet still). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Turn - partial or full rotation of the body while shifting the base of support
(spin to make yourself dizzy). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Collapse – to fall down. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Punch - use forceful actions with various body parts - hands, feet, knees,
elbows. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Slash - longer movements but powerful like punches (picture a slashing sword). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Push - try to move away by pressure. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Pull - exert force on object to move it towards source of force. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Swing - move or walk in a to and fro or swaying manner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">•
Sway - swing unsteadlily; rock by moving back and forth sideways.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Manipulative:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">These
are the skills developed while using an implement. These may include:
receiving; e.g., catching, collecting: retaining; e.g., dribbling, carrying,
bouncing, trapping: sending; e.g., throwing, kicking, striking.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of Basic
skills:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The
application of the basic skills, as listed above, should be demonstrated
through all five dimensions. Dimensions are the categories of activities
through which students can achieve the outcomes and which teachers use for
planning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of Basic Skills in an Alternative Environment -</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students participate in a variety of land-
or water-based activities. The selection of activities will depend on the
climate, resources and facilities available in the school or community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of Basic Skills in Dance -</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students
participate in a wide variety of dance experiences to enhance development of
creative, expressive and rhythmical movements. Students gain awareness of and
respect for their own and other cultures, enhance cooperation skills and
develop skills that are transferable to social situations in the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of Basic Skills in Games -</span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students
participate in a variety of games to develop individual and manipulative
skills, techniques, strategies and spatial awareness. Inherent in playing all
games are cooperation, respect for others, fair play and etiquette.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of Basic Skills in Types of Gymnastics -<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students participate in
movement challenges that enable them to develop poise, grace, rhythm,
coordination, balance, strength, flexibility and effective body mechanics.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Application of Basic Skills in Individual Activities -<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Students participate in
running, jumping and throwing activities; individual manipulatives; combative
or self-defense activities and target activities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Locomotor and Nonlocomotor

Developing physical skills is a prerequisite to being active for life and physical education class is where it happens! Students need to develop basic physical skills and a degree of competence which…

12 Dec 2014

NSTP 2

NSTP 2

Nstp 2 from Tricia Andrea Lorena Pongyan …

04 Dec 2014

All about Polynomials

<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">A </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">polynomial</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> consists of two or more terms. For example, </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">y</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">, </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">y</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> – </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">, and </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 3 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 5 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">y</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> are all polynomials. A </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">binomial</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> is a polynomial that consists of exactly two terms. For example, </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">y</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> is a binomial. A </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">trinomial</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> is a polynomial that consists of exactly three terms. For example, </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">y</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 9 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">y</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 8 is a trinomial.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Polynomials usually are arranged in one of two ways. </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Ascending order</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> is basically when the power of a term increases for each succeeding term. For example, </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> or 5 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 2 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">– 3 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">5</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> are arranged in ascending order. </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Descending order</strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> is basically when the power of a term decreases for each succeeding term. For example, </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">3</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> or 2 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">4</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 3 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> + 7 </span><em style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;"> are arranged in descending order. Descending order is more commonly used.</span><br />
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Adding and subtracting polynomials</h4>
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To <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">add</em> or <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">subtract polynomials</em>, just arrange <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">like terms</em> in columns and then add or subtract. (Or simply add or subtract like terms when rearrangement is not necessary.)</div>
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Example 1</h5>
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Do the indicated arithmetic.</div>
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Add the polynomials.</div>
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Subtract the polynomials.</div>
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Multiplying polynomials</h4>
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To <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">multiply polynomials,</em> multiply each term in one polynomial by each term in the other polynomial. Then simplify if necessary.</div>
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Example 2</h5>
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Multiply.</div>
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<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0007"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253652.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
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Or you may want to use the “ <strong style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">F.O.I.L.</strong>” method with <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">binomials.</em> <strong style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">F.O.I.L.</strong> means<strong style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">F</strong>irst terms, <strong style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">O</strong>utside terms, <strong style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">I</strong>nside terms, <strong style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">L</strong>ast terms. Then simplify if necessary.</div>
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Example 3</h5>
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Multiply.</div>
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(3 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em> + <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em>)(2 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em> – 2 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em>) =</div>
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Multiply <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">first</em> terms from each quantity.</div>
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Now <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">outside</em> terms.</div>
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Now <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">inside</em> terms.</div>
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Finally <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">last</em> terms.</div>
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Now simplify.</div>
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6 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> – 6 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">ax</em> + 2 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">ax</em> – 2 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em><sup style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> = 6 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> – 4 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">ax</em> – 2 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em><sup style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup></div>
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Example 4</h5>
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Multiply.</div>
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This operation also can be done using the distributive property.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0015"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253688.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<h4 style="font-size: 17px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Dividing polynomials by monomials</h4>
<section style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:id="c06-sec-0010"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
To <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">divide a polynomial by a monomial,</em> just divide each term in the polynomial by the monomial.</div>
<h5 style="font-size: 14px; margin: 15px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Example 5</h5>
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<mathstatement style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:id="c06-mthst-0010"></mathstatement></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Divide.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0016"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253658.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0017"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253659.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<h4 style="font-size: 17px; margin: 20px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Dividing polynomials by polynomials</h4>
<section style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:id="c06-sec-0011"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
To <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">divide a polynomial by a polynomial,</em> make sure both are in descending order; then use long division. ( <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">Remember:</em> Divide by the first term, multiply, subtract, bring down.)</div>
<h5 style="font-size: 14px; margin: 15px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Example 6</h5>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<mathstatement style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:id="c06-mthst-0011"></mathstatement></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Divide 4 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em><sup style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> + 18 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em> + 8 by <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">a</em> + 4.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0018"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253660.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0019"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253661.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0020"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253662.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0021"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253663.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0022"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253664.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0025"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253665.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0026"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253666.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0027"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253667.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
<h5 style="font-size: 14px; margin: 15px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Example 7</h5>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<mathstatement style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" xml:id="c06-mthst-0012"></mathstatement></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Divide.</div>
<ol style="margin: 1em 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253706.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0028"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253707.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253704.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
First change to descending order: <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em><sup style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">2</sup> + 2 <em style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">x</em> + 1. Then divide.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0029"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253705.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253700.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Note: When terms are missing, be sure to leave proper room between terms.</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0030"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253701.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253708.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<displayeditem numbered="no" style="margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" type="mathematics" xml:id="c06-disp-0031"><img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253709.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></displayeditem></div>
</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253671.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;">
This answer can be rewritten as <img alt="equation" src="http://www.cliffsnotes.com/assets/253672.png" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
</li>
</ol>
</section></section></section></section>

All about Polynomials

A polynomial consists of two or more terms. For example, x + y, y2 – x2, and x2 + 3 x + 5 y2 are all polynomials. A binomial is a polynomial that consists of exactly two terms. For example, x + y is a…

03 Dec 2014

History of Humanities

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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQD4wPSDl_mRW3lRRWO71xst3sOrt1hpJn_kJ9o5E49ufRbineUey4dsdxBSm5GR0g24gW4JlSdiNKihmhMllq_Gz0gIR9yBeVPo2WcghzKHbhBymmuzg0r32usnKscfmaTih1aoXWAhNF/s1600/1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQD4wPSDl_mRW3lRRWO71xst3sOrt1hpJn_kJ9o5E49ufRbineUey4dsdxBSm5GR0g24gW4JlSdiNKihmhMllq_Gz0gIR9yBeVPo2WcghzKHbhBymmuzg0r32usnKscfmaTih1aoXWAhNF/s1600/1.jpeg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">HUMANITIES</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">are<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">academic disciplines</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that study human culture. The
humanities use methods that are primarily<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">critical</span>, or<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">speculative</span>, and
have a significant historical element</span><sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-0" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities#cite_note-oed-1"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[1]</span></a></span></sup><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">—as distinguished from
the mainly<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">empirical</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>approaches
of the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">natural sciences</span>.</span><sup id="cite_ref-oed_1-1" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities#cite_note-oed-1"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[1]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
humanities include<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ancient and
modern languages</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">literature</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">philosophy</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">religion</span>,
and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">visual</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">performing arts</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>such
as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">music</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">theatre  </span>.
Areas that are sometimes regarded</span><sup><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (July 2014)">by
whom?</span></span></a></i>]</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">social sciences</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and
sometimes as humanities include<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">history</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">archaeology</span>,<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">anthropology</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">area studies</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">communication studies</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">classical studies</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">law</span>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">semiotics</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">linguistics</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Scholars in the humanities are "humanities
scholars" or<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>humanists</i>.</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities#cite_note-2"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[2]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">The
term "humanist" also describes the philosophical position of<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">humanism</span>,
which some "<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">antihumanist</span>" scholars in the
humanities refuse. The Renaissance scholars and artists were also called<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">humanists</span>. Some<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">secondary schools</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>offer
humanities classes, usually consisting of<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">English</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">literature</span>, global studies, and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">art</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Human disciplines like<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">history</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cultural anthropology</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>study subject matters that the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">experimental method</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>does not apply to—and instead mainly
use the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">comparative method</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-Wallace2008p28_3-0" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanities#cite_note-Wallace2008p28-3"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[3]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">and<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">comparative research</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">History</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">History</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">is systematically collected</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">information</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">about the</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">past</span>. When used as the name of a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">field of study</span>,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">history</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">refers to the study and
interpretation of the record of</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">humans</span>,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">societies</span>, institutions, and any topic
that has changed over time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Traditionally, the study of history has been
considered a part of the humanities. In modern</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">academia</span>, history is occasionally
classified as a<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">social science</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">History</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">(from<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Greek</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span xml:lang="el"><span lang="EL" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ἱστορία</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>historia</i>,
meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation")</span><sup id="cite_ref-JosephJanda_2-0" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-JosephJanda-2"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[2]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">is the study
of the past, particularly how it relates to humans.</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-3"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[3]</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-4"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[4]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">It is
an<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">umbrella term</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>that
relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection,
organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these
events. Scholars who write about history are called<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">historians</span>.
Events occurring prior to written record are considered<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">prehistory</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">History can also refer to the academic discipline which
uses a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">narrative</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>to examine and analyse a sequence of
past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that
determine them.</span><sup id="cite_ref-evans1_5-0" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-evans1-5"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[5]</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-6"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[6]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Historians
sometimes debate the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">nature of history</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>and
its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself
and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the
present.</span><sup id="cite_ref-evans1_5-1" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-evans1-5"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[5]</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-Tosh1-7"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[7]</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-8"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[8]</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-9"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[9]</span></a></span></sup><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported
by external sources (such as the tales surrounding<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">King Arthur</span>) are usually classified as<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cultural heritage</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>or<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">legends</span>,
because they do not support the "disinterested investigation"
required of the discipline of history.</span><sup id="cite_ref-10" style="unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 8.5pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-10"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[10]</span></a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History#cite_note-Low1-11"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[11]</span></a></span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Herodotus</span>,
a 5th-century BC<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Greek historian</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>is considered within the Western
tradition to be the "father of history", and, along with his
contemporary<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Thucydides</span>, helped form the foundations for the modern study
of human history. Their work continues to be read today and the divide between
the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a
point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In the Eastern
tradition, a state chronicle the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Spring and Autumn Annals</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>was known to be compiled from as early
as 722 BC although only 2nd century BC texts survived.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Ancient influences have helped spawn variant
interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries
and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and
includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or
thematical elements of historical investigation. Often history is taught as
part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">major discipline</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in University studies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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History of Humanities

HUMANITIES are academic disciplines that study human culture. The humanities use methods that are primarily critical, or speculative, and have a significant historical element[1]—as distinguished fro…

01 Dec 2014

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